The role of spring washers and the principle of industrial solutions

Spring washers are commonly used seals with various roles, such as improving the fastening force of fasteners, adjusting the fastening force, cushioning vibration, shock, and so on. This article will introduce the role of spring washers and principles.

First, the role of spring washers：

1. Improve the fastening force of fasteners: when the fastening screw or nut and the workpiece contact, due to the contact surface between the existence of a small degree of unevenness, when the torque is applied to the screw or nut, there will be a certain elastic deformation, so that the contact pressure increases. However, when the torque exceeds a certain level, sliding will occur; due to the reduction of sliding friction, the contact pressure will also be reduced. The addition of spring washers can increase the elastic deformation of the fastener and pre-tighten the spring washers beforehand so that before the fastener begins to slide, the spring washers have started to play a role in improving the fastening force of the fastener. Spring washers can improve the fastening force of fasteners, which is also one of the most common applications of spring washers.

2. Adjustment of fastening force: Due to the spring washers' certain thickness and elasticity, you can adjust the fastening force of the fasteners by replacing the thickness and material to adapt to different working conditions. On the railroad track, you need to ensure that the fastening force is large enough, while on car tires, you need to ensure that the fastening force is moderate to avoid tire deformation.

3. Buffer vibration and shock: Spring washers have a certain degree of elasticity and shock absorption properties and can reduce mechanical equipment in high-speed operation due to vibration, shock noise, and wear and tear to improve the reliability and service life of the equipment. In automobile and motorcycle suspension systems, adding spring washers can reduce the vibration of the suspension system on the body to improve driving comfort and stability.

Second, the principle of spring washers.

The principle of spring washers is elastic deformation. Elastic deformation refers to a specific external force; the spring washer will deform in the removal of external forces and can restore the original shape and size; this deformation is called elastic deformation. The size of the elastic deformation is affected by various factors, such as the yield limit of the spring material, the deformation of tangential compression, and the occurrence of radial tension. In the design and selection of spring washers, it is necessary to select the appropriate spring material and spring washer size according to the specific working conditions and use requirements to ensure that its elastic deformation is within the proper range.

 In the fastener use process, the size and direction of the elastic deformation of the spring washer are uncertain, so it is necessary to set a certain amount of preload in advance to ensure that the spring washer can always play a role. Spring washers are an essential sealing and elastic element, and their function and principle have a wide range of applications in machinery manufacturing and design. By selecting the appropriate spring material and spring washer size, you can realize the fastening force of the fastener to regulate and dampen noise to improve the reliability and service life of machinery and equipment.

Third, the types of spring washers

There are many types of spring washers, including flat spring washers, circular spring washers, bellows-shaped spring washers, and triangular spring washers.

1. Flat spring washers: Flat spring washers are processed from flat steel plates with good elasticity and strength. They can be used for complex fastener connections and are waterproof and dustproof. Flat spring washers are widely used in aerospace, automotive tools, safety devices, home appliances, and other fields, and they are multi-functional seals.

2. Circular Spring Washers: Circular Spring Washers are processed from circular steel bars or wires with high elasticity and abrasion resistance to accommodate changing loads during high-speed rotation and vibration. Circular spring washers are widely used in high-load areas such as power machines and automated production lines.

3. Corrugated spring washers: Corrugated spring washers are processed from corrugated steel plates, which have good elastic deformation and cushioning properties and can be used in suspension systems and vibration-damping devices for automobiles and mechanical equipment.

4. Triangular spring washers: Triangular spring washers are processed by bending triangular steel sheets with uniform pressure distribution and high load capacity, which can be used in mechanical equipment and automobile tools.

Fourth, the selection of spring washers

In selecting spring washers, one needs to consider various factors, such as operating temperature, pressure, vibration, working medium, and spring material.

1. Select from the working temperature and medium： You select the appropriate spring washer material according to the working environment. In a high-temperature or chemical corrosion environment, you can choose stainless steel, titanium, ceramic, and other corrosion-resistant materials to manufacture spring washers to ensure their long-term stability and safety.

2. Selection from the pressure： The thickness and diameter of spring washers need to be selected according to the fastener's fastening force and working load. Usually, the compression of spring washers should be between 10% and 25% to ensure that they have enough elastic deformation.

 3. Selection from the vibration and shock aspects： According to the working conditions and mechanical equipment vibration and shock load, select the spring washer with better cushioning performance and fatigue resistance.

4. Selection from material： The material of spring washers is a crucial factor affecting the performance and life of the spring washers, according to the working conditions and the use demand for selecting suitable materials. Typically, the materials used in spring washers include carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium, etc. Choosing the proper spring washers can ensure the reliability and performance of mechanical equipment, and the field of machinery manufacturing and design is of great significance.

Fifth, the installation and maintenance of spring washers

The installation process of spring washers requires special attention to ensure that they effectively play a role, and there is a need for regular maintenance and replacement to avoid mechanical failures and safety accidents.

1. Installation： When installing spring washers, it is necessary to pre-tighten the spring washers first, then install them in the correct position, and adjust the tightening force appropriately to ensure that the spring washers can always play the expected role.

2. Maintenance： In the process of long-term use, spring washers may appear to fatigue, deformation, wear, loosening, and other issues, then need to be maintained and replaced. Specific maintenance methods include:

    (1) Regularly check the surface state and sealing performance of the spring washer, such as loosening, cracking, deformation, and other conditions that need to be replaced promptly.

    (2) Regularly clean and apply appropriate preservatives to extend the service life of the spring washers.

    (3) For occasions with higher precision and safety requirements, there is a need for regular quality inspection and monitoring of spring washers.

Six spring washers in machinery manufacturing and design applications

Spring washers are used in many applications in machinery manufacturing and design, such as automobiles, aircraft, trains, ships, construction machinery, agricultural implements, tool manufacturing, and other fields. In these areas, spring washers are often used for fastener connection, sealing, vibration damping, and damping. Here are a few specific applications.

1. Automobiles and motorcycles： Spring washers have many applications in automotive and motorcycle production, such as in tires and suspension systems, brake systems, engines, and transmissions. In these applications, spring washers are usually used to improve the fastening force of fasteners, vibration damping, and waterproof and dustproof.

2. Aircraft and marine： Spring washers also have critical applications in aircraft and marine production, such as in engines, propellers, hydraulic systems, suspension systems, anchor chains, and ropes. In these applications, spring washers are usually used for vibration damping, sealing, and fastening.

3. Construction Machinery： Construction machinery is used in various mechanical equipment engineering projects, including excavators, loaders, bulldozers, road rollers, and so on. Spring washers also have a wide range of applications in this mechanical equipment, such as in hydraulic systems, steering systems, transmission systems, and so on. Applying spring washers can improve the reliability and performance of mechanical equipment. Spring washers are necessary mechanical seals and elastic components in automated manufacturing and design and have a wide range of applications.

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